Great Expectation Essay

massive Expectations is a novel by Charles Dickens. It was first base published in serial form in the publication wholly the Year Round1 from 1 December 1860 to August 1861. It has been adapted for stage and screen oer 250 times. 2 Great Expectations is written in the style of bildungsroman, which follows the story of a man or woman in their quest for maturity, usually s deli veryting time from childhood and ending in the main characters ultimate adulthood. Great Expectations is the story of the orphan scald, writing ab show up his life and geting to make a gentleman along the port.The novel can also be considered semi-autobiographical of Dickens, like much of his work, drawing on his experiences of life and deal. The main plan of Great Expectations takes place between Christmas Eve 1812, when the protagonist is rough seven any(prenominal) years old (and which happens to be the year of Dickens birth), and the winter of 1840. 3 On Christmas Eve of 1812, slay,a boy aged 7, encounters an escaped confidence game in the liquidation churchyard while visiting his mother and fathers graves. The convict scares make into stealing food for him and a file to grind away(predicate) his leg shackles.He threatens smirch not to tell any unmatched and do as he says or his friend will cut out slays heart. blip returns home, where he lives with Mrs. Joe, his older sister, and her husband Joe Gargery. His sister is genuinely cruel and beats him and Joe regularly, while Joe is much more kind to fritter away. untimely the next morning, Pip steals food and swallow from the Gargery pantry (including a pie for their Christmas feast) and sneaks out to the graveyard. It is the first time in Pips life hes felt truly guilty.This is an important event in the daybook because the convict will never forget the kindness (albeit forced) that Pip showed to him. The convict, however, waits many a(prenominal) years to fully show his gratitude. During Christmas dinner with the minister, Mr. Wopsle, Mr. and Mrs. Hubble, and Uncle Pumblechook, Pip and Mrs. Joes fair wealthy uncle, no one notices the missing food or brandy until Uncle Pumblechook drinks some brandy and spits it out. Pip realizes that he fil conduct the brandy jug not with water, plainly with tar water.Pip sits at the table being told how lucky he is by all the relatives and holds on to the dining table leg for dear life, shake that someone will notice the missing pie. When Mrs. Joe gets up and goes to the kitchen for the pie, Pip bolts to the door. However, his way is blocked by police officers. They ask Joe to repair their handcuffs and conjure Joe, Pip and Mr. Wopsle to come with them to hunt for some escaped prison houseers from the local jail. As they hunt through the marshes outside the village, they accost the two convicts while sedulous in a fight.One of them is the convict helped by Pip however, when questioned about where he got the food and file, he claims he stole the ite ms himself in frame to shield Pip. The police take the two to the Hulk, a giant prison ship, and Pip is carried home by Joe, where they finish Christmas dinner. A while after(prenominal) Pips encounter with the convict, Pips life returns to normal. He goes to school, ferment by Mr. Wopsles great-aunt, and becomes friends with Biddy, an orphan who was adopted by the Wopsles. He still feels guilty for the theft.Pips Uncle Pumblechook gets Pip invited to the house of a rich old woman named get away Havisham, who lives in the village in Satis House. turn a loss Havisham is a spinster who wears an old wedding dress with one shoe on and has all the house clocks stopped at 20 minutes to nine. She hasnt seen sunlight in years and claims to realise a broken heart and just wants to see Pip fiddle cards with Estella, a young girl she has adopted. After this first meeting, Pip frequently visits Miss Havisham and Estella, for whom he harbours a feeling of obsessive attraction.He begins to tenaciously evolve everything he can from Biddy in school, in an effort to impress Estella who called him a common labouring boy. One day, when Pip goes to the town pub to pick up Joe, they are approached by a messenger sent by Pips convict. He mixes his drink with the stolen file and gives Pip two pounds before leaving. Pip visits Miss Havisham on her birthday where she shows him her wedding cake, which is being eaten by mice, and where she will be primed(p) out when she is dead, a death she looks forward to. He also meets the Pockets.Pip works with Joe for a few years in the forge, doing work that he hates. In an agreement with Joe, he visits Miss Havisham only on his birthday, when he receives a half-holiday. He and Joe work with a journeyman named Orlick. When he returns home, he unveils that Mrs. Joe had been attacked. She becomes a horribly brain-damaged invalid. Pip feels guilty again when the police moot escaped criminals attacked Mrs. Joe. The detectives from London ar e inexperienced and do not discover anything. Mrs. Joe spends her days calling for Orlick and draws a capital T on a slate.Biddy thinks that the T represents a hammer and that Orlick is the attacker. When Orlick arrives, Mrs. Joe tries to please him and shows him the slate. Biddy moves in with the Gargerys and Pip confides in her about his feelings for Estella. When Pip and Joe are listening to Mr. Wopsle charter a murder trial from a newspaper, a London justnessyer, Jaggers, approaches Pip, bring out very startling news Pip has inherited a vauntingly sum of coin from an anonymous benefactor. The conditions of the receipt of said money subscribe him to leave for London immediately, buy some clothes and become a gentleman.Pip behaves badly in society (mostly over jealousy of Estella) and squanders his allowance, course into debt. He is rescued on his 21st birthday, when he is notified by Jaggars that he is awarded 500 pounds and an increased steady allowance, until such a time as his benefactor will appear. Pip originally believes Miss Havisham is his benefactress (and so the reviewer is led to believe, as well) for several years as he begins to learn to be a gentleman, helped by the now grown Herbert Pocket, who is assigned as his companion. During this time, Mrs.Joe dies. However, in one of Dickens patented plot twists, Pips benefactor turns out to be instead Magwitch, the convict whom Pip helped, who had been transported to newfangled South Wales, where he had eventually prospered and become wealthy. Magwitch left all his money to Pip in gratitude for that kindness and also because Pip reminded him of his own child, whom he thinks is dead. The revelation of his true benefactor crushes Pip. Hes ashamed of Magwitchs criminal past, however, Magwitch now expects to spend the rest of his life living with Pip.Pip, very reluctantly, lets Magwitch stay with him. There is a warrant out for Magwitchs chequer in England and hell be hanged if hes caught. Eventu ally, because Magwitch is on the run from the law, a plan is hatched by Herbert and Pip which involves fleeing the country by boat. During these events, it is revealed to Pip that Estella is the daughter of Jaggers housemaid, Molly, whom he defended in a murder thrill and who gave up her daughter to be adopted by another of his clients, Miss Havisham, in return for his service in allowing her to be acquitted of the charge.Pip later realizes Magwitch is Estellas father. Pip has an encounter with Orlick, who admits he was the one who attacked Pips sister. Meanwhile, Estella has married Bentley Drummle, a marriage that will be an un blessed one. Before Pip flees with Magwitch, he makes one last visit to Miss Havisham. Miss Havisham realizes that she created a monster out of Estella, who broke Pips heart, and asks him for lenity. Pip confronts Miss Havisham with Estellas history and present circumstance in an unhappy marriage, blaming Miss Havisham for teaching Estella to be cold and unloving.In the kindle of the confrontation, Miss Havisham stands too close to the fire and ignites her dress. Pip heroically saves her, but she later dies from her burn injuries. Pip, Herbert and another friend, Startop, make a gallant attempt to help Magwitch escape, but instead he is captured and sent to jail. Pip is disposed to Magwitch by now and recognizes in him a good and noble man. Pip tries to have Magwitch released but Magwitch dies shortly before his execution. Under English law Magwitchs wealth forfeits to the Crown, thus extinguishing Pips Great Expectations.After an extended period of sickness during which he is looked after by Joe, he returns to good health and returns home to ask Biddy for forgiveness and for her love. However, when he arrives, he finds that it is Biddy and Joes wedding day. Thankful for not mentioning his interest in Biddy to Joe while he was sick, Pip congratulates the happy couple. Afterwards, Pip goes into business overseas with Herbert. Afte r eleven relatively undefeated years abroad, Pip goes back to visit Joe and the rest of his family out in the marshes.Finally, Pip makes one last visit to the ruins of Miss Havishams house, where he finds Estella wandering. Her marriage is over, and she seems to have children and wants Pip to accept her as a friend. In the book Dickens says There was no shadow of them parting which is led the public to believe that Estella and Pip ended up together. After over 50 chapters of Pip longing for her, they ended up together in the end of the book is the basic logical explanation for why people believe the book was ended as them being more than friends

JpMorgan Case Essay

We trust tills to hold our notes and to att wipeout make custom get more in investment and other ways. One of the around trusted banks is J.P. Morgan Chase they are easily one of the most well- pick outn(a) banks that exist. J.P. Morgan Chase on May 10, 2012 disclosed that they had lost more than $2 billion by trading financial derivatives.The administrative agencies like the Securities and shift Commission (SEC) or the Commodities Futures affair Commission (CFTC) take action in regularise to be effective in preventing high-risk gambles in securities and banking, a effectuateation of the economy. We have to understand the elements of a valid contract, and discuss how consumers and banks distributively have a duty of good faith and fair dealing in the banking relationship. Having to compare and contrast the differences between intentional and negligent civil wrong actions. Ill discuss the tort action of onus with Contractual relations and Participating in a Br severall y of Fiduciary duty and, if the bank Ive chosen were to impart as JP Morgan did, would I be equal to(p) to prevail in such a tort action. Lastly permits discuss how banks have protected the software that allows for online transaction to slip away through automation.7The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a federal agency. It holds primary even out for enforcing the federal securities laws and regulating the securities industry, the nations stock and options exchanges, and other electronic securities commercialises in the United States. The SEC is divided into four divisions The breakdown of sight Finance the Division of Trading and Markets the Division of Investment wariness and The Division of Enforcement. All the branches within the SEC carry similargoals in hurt of protecting individuals and ensuring financial fairness, each has their own specialty for instance, the Division of incarnate Finance is tasked with the assurance that all imperative disclo su re of which represent a corporation are easily accessible by the general public. In addition, the Division of Trading and Markets ensure fairness, order and efficiency in market activities. Much like the design of the SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is as well as inherently designed to ensure the public, its consumers, and investors are protected from coercion, manipulation, fraud, and/or whatsoever other forms of dishonest relations between manufacturer and consumers/investors.The CFTC is noned to be an independent federal agency established by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974. Again, similar to the design of the SEC, the CFTC is comprised of five different committees, each of which are responsible for a different area of trade and trade for example, agriculture, global markets, energy and environmental markets and technology all of which are evenly as responsible as the next for ensuring full cooperation and adherence to laws mass for th by the SEC. Though banking is the most common method in which most people handle and maintain their finances, there are similarly equally as many that take their money to invest in stocks, bonds, and the like which do not carry a sound take in charge that they will make a profit or even discover their initial investment monies.Consequently, past dealing with investor types result in cheating(prenominal) and fraudulent losses and even erroneous gains such as the ones inform by JP Morgan Chase, the purpose of the SEC and CFTC alike become abundantly clear. With the utilization of these two dissevericular securities, investors, consumers, and even marketers are able to rest easier discerning that there are serious legal, unfair and blatantly dishonest dealings within the marketplace. In an effort to maintain honest correspondence and dealings with the capital market, both of these require that all earnings and losses should be reported at which point, there can be a ackno wledgment and determination of any imbalanced and deceitful dealings having taken place.The chase are the essential elements of a valid contract. Offer and Acceptance. In order to create a valid contract, there essential be a lawful saturnineer by one party and lawful acceptation of the selfsame(prenominal) by the other partyIntention to Create profound Relationship. In case, there is no such intention on the part of parties, there is no contract. Agreements of social or domestic nature do not contemplate legal relations. Lawful Consideration has been defined in various ways. The parties to an agreement must be competent the contract. If either of the parties does not have the capacity to contract, the contract is not valid. Free Consent content the parties must have agreed upon the same thing in the same sense. In the banking context, this means among other things that a bank could call a loan, refuse to fund, refuse to roll over a loan, set out off accounts, etc., no matte r how drastic the consequences might be to the borrower. As gigantic as the banks accept them expressly within the granted rights under the irresponsible loan documents. That may no longer be the case.With the advent of active banking, discuss how banks have protected the software that allows for online transaction to occur through automation. The first area, financial accounting, is used mainly for ascertaining the results of any such communication channel on a periodic basis. This should as a result suffice the company determine the future course of action, in the long term. From an stinting perspective, financial accounting treats money as a factor of production. Management and address accounting are apparatus used to help instruction make decisions on a day to day basis. Management and make up accounting arent useful simply for their own sake. These two functions help management conduct themselves along with other vital factors involved in the running of a business.Other key factors could be supply, demand, competitors, availability of naked as a jaybird materials, logistics etc. The second area is cost accounting, its primary purpose is to piss the entertain of direct and indirect costs involved in production. The value acquired, management can make an informed decision on usefulness in production performance. From an sparing perspective, cost accounting is the measurement of economic performance. This information gives management a clearer indication of the performance of the product resources in the business. Costing also helps the sales manage in setting the better price. But, because costing is solely a measurement of economic performance, it cant be considered as an accurate basis for setting prices.Selling prices is more of an economic decision it would not be wrong to mention that price is basically determined by marketfactors. Prices are influenced mainly on demand, supply and competition, less on costs. High demand plus neglect of competition would result in the business charging higher prices for its product, well supra the costs. The third area is management accounting, which is related closely to cost accounting. It has evolved from cost accounting management accounting plays a much broader role in management decisions. It measures the performance, economically, of the whole business, the economic environment that the business operates in. This area of accounting, seeks to trust both financial and cost information into a much broader function. examine and contrast the differences between intentional and negligent tort actions. Intentional torts and omission towards both give rise to civil actions. However, there are or so important differences to understand about negligence versus intentional torts. Negligence torts do not require intent. To determine if someone should be found apt(predicate) for a negligence tort, a bonnie someone standard is used. If the defendants style is found to be less caref ul than behavior a reasonable person would exhibit, that defendant can be found liable for damages. Intentional torts require intent. The person who committed to tort must have intended to cause harm. The harm, however, did not need to be the unique(predicate) type of harm that was caused to you. The other major difference between intentional and negligence torts, aside from the standard of proof, is that in many cases, a person who is found liable for an intentional tort can be needful to pay punitive damages in addition to actual damages. hold forth the tort action of Interference with Contractual Relations and Participating in a Breach of Fiduciary duty and, if the bank youve chosen were to behave as JP Morgan did, would you be able to prevail in such a tort action. The tort of interference with contractual relations and participating protects the right to enjoy the benefits of legally binding agreements.I have chosen a bank like JP Morgan and they did what he I would not took it very well. I invested money and knowing that JP losses that money I would wind up probably suing them. But providing a remedy when the defendant intentionally induces another(prenominal) person to breach a contract with the plaintiff. The defendant must know of the existence of the contract between the plaintiff and the other person, or there must be a sufficient fact that a reasonable person would be led to believe that suchcontract existed. Interference with the contractual relations requires an unacceptable purpose. If good grounds are set and exist for the interference then the defendant is not liable. But as for J.P. Morgan there were no good rounds so the defendant is liable. So if I were to go to court over this I would not win and uncomplete would J.P we would just be both out of the loss money that was invested.In conclusion when you invest money in a bank gauge to you self is it a good idea or is it not a good idea. We all make investments just need to make sure it i n the right bank that you can trust. J.P Morgan had a down happen upon and loss a ton of money but in the end they had to deal with the fines and the investors. When in drought dont invest your money unless you really have to.ReferencesBagley / Savage 2013 Custom Editionhttp//money.cnn.com/2012/05/10/ tidings/companies/jp-morgan-losses/index.htm http//www.thedailybeast.com/

Celestial Seasoning

Celestial Seasonings was found by small countryside family aiming to bring infixed herbaceous plant benefits to the guests in 1969. Celestials herbal tea was exchange through local stores initially. Celestial Seasonings went through major change when it was bought by Kraft Inc in 1984. Kraft brought Celestial wares to new commercializes before marketing it back to the Celestials old management in 1988. The change and re-purchase of Celestial benefit the company to get into national market and painting to wider consumer range.Throughout the decade of 90s, company extended its product line as per market demands. As result herbal hang ons, medicinal teas, herbal supplement capsules and many other products were added to celestial product range. Company had good offshoot till end of decade until some of its product start masking the declining trend. There are some lines relating to celestial Seasonings progress which include honourable issues, quality concerns and limited l uff market.Celestial Seasonings makes its entire product range from rude(a) herbs but still company bednot promise to make people wellnessy. Its a product not medicine so it cannot claim for preaching of illness and claiming so raises ethical issue. Quality concern is another problem with the celestial Seasonings products. 71% people consider Celestial Seasonings products safe for health while 29% people have some concerns about safety. They estimate that being natural doesnt make it safe. Herb source authenticity also raises questions about quality.Celestial Seasonings offer a wide range of product but major target market is baby boomer ladies with 35 to 54 years of age. Its tea products have high price than other tea competitors. This raises the problem of limited target market. As a resultant of ethical problem, company must not make unjustified promises. mathematical product statements can show that these can help living healthier manner rather than its impression of a cu ring product. Quality can be assured by club marketing programs and virtual tours. Sustainable sourcing self-reliance can also help improving customers confidence.Club marketing programs can be launched and events can be held on farm and production locations to improve customer perception for product quality. Market development is solution to limited target market issue. New target markets can be explored. Company can go global and enter the markets where tea is a part of tradition like England, India, and Pakistan. Celestial Seasonings has kept its promise to bring natural herb benefits to the customers. Company can overcome current problems and increase its profits with market development, club marketing programs and keeping the ethical concerns.

Belonging Related Text Essay

George Orwells essays related text Marrakech explores the notion of ethnocentricity through a Eurocentric perspective, in which one is isolated at the consequence of differing morels. Orwell succeeds in doing so through various anecdotes What does Morocco mean to a French human race? An orange-grove or a job in government service. In essence this displays the failure of a migrant to withhold a deeper connection to the land. Orwell emotively describes the crippled elderly women who answered with a shrill wail, almost a scream, which was partly gratitude but mainly surprisal, as a response to the charity he provided her with.The dramatic response displays her sense of alienation from her own homeland, at fault of those who are foreign, and awfully powerful. This is furthered through the description of the shy, wide-eyed Negro where through his ignorance, he has been taught that the white race are his masters, and still believes it. A sense of trouble pervades this essay through t he harsh truth How much longer hindquarters we go on kidding these people? displaying the indigenous peoples disconnection to a touch that was originally theirs.While Marrakech explores the notion that one does not belong to their homeland. This is put through Shooting an Elephant with Orwells alternative experience of belonging. Through Orwells ambivalence we see the highly controversial understanding of the hollowness.. of the white mans dominion in the East. It is ironic that a sub-divisional police officeholder should feel self-conscious with such authority. Controversially he was all for the Burmese juxtaposed to the grotesque imagery of his deepest desire to drive a bayonet into a Buddhist priests guts.

Clearwater Technologies

Clear Water Technologies A Case Study QTX is a sales stand out server that everyows binary users to simultaneously maintain their sales account databases. These databases covers contact information, quote histories, copies of all communications, and links to the clients corporate database for shipping records. The basic QTX package consists of a processor, chassis, impregnable drive, and network interface, with a manufacturing cost of $ five hundred. The package provided simultaneous approach shot for 10 users to the system, referred to as 10 position. Each seat represented integrity accessing employee. The intersection confidential information line consisted of 10-, 20-, and 30-seat capacity QTX servers. Each incremental 10 seats undeniable $cc of excess manufacturing cost. Yearly sales were at the rate of 4,000 building blocks crossways all sizes. In initial sales, approximately 30 pct of customers bought the 30-seat unit, 40 percent bought the 20-seat unit, and 30 pe rcent bought the 10-seat unit. Customers who needed more than 30 seats typically went to competitors servicing the medium-to-large company market segment.Clearwater set a per-seat manufacturers suggested retail outlay (MSRP) that decreased with higher quantity seat corrupts, reflecting the customer intelligence of declining manufacturing cost per seat. Clearwater also saw this as advantageous because it pull aheadd customers to increase their initial seat purchase. Clearwater typically sold its merchandises through value-added resellers ( volt-amperes). A volt-ampere was typically a small local firm that provided sales and support to give the sack users.The value added by these resellers was that they provided a complete solution to the end user/customer from a single point of purchase and had quadruplex information technology products available from mixed vendors. Using VARs reduced Clearwaters sales and service expense monumentally and increased its market coverage. Thes e intermediaries operated in some(prenominal) steps. First, the VAR combined the QTX from Clearwater with database softw be from other suppliers to form a piece of ass customer solution.Second, the VAR loaded the softw are with customer-specific information and linked it to the customers breathing sales history databases. Finally, the VAR installed the product at the customers site and clever the customer on its use. Clearwater sold the QTX to resellers at a 50 percent discount from the MSRP, allowing the VARs to sell to the end user at or to a lower place the MSRP. The discount allowed the VARs room to negotiate with the customer and legato achieve a profit. The Upgrade Initially, the expectation had been that the 30-seat unit would be the largest volume seller.In order to obtain economies of scale in manufacturing, reduce inventory configurations, and reduce engineering forge and testing expense to a single assembly, Clearwater decided to manufacture whole the 30-seat ser ver with the appropriate figure of seats enabled for the depraveer. Clearwater was effectively giving extraneous extra memory and absorbing the higher cost rather than manufacturing the various sizes. If a customer fateed a 10-seat server, the company shipped a 30-seat fitted unit, with only the requested 10 seats enabled through software configuration.The proposed stir was, in reality, allowing customers to access capability already construct into the product. Clearwater knew that many veritable customers were ready to use the additional capacity in the QTX. Some customers had added seats by buying a second box, simply because the original product contained the capability to develop by accessing the disabled seats, Clearwater saw an opportunity to expand the product line and increase sales to a captive customer base. Customers could double or triple their seat capacity by buy either a 10- or a 20-seat upgrade and getting an access code to enable the additional number of seats.No other competitor removeered the chess opening of an upgrade. To gain additional seats from the competitor, the customer purchased and installed an additional box. Because customers performed a signifi bunst amount of acceptance testing, which they would leave to repeat before switching brands, the likeliness of changing brands to add capacity was low. The objective of this mornings meeting was to set the set for the two upgrades. As QTX product manager Rob Erickson stopped to arrest his most recent notes from his desk, he reflected What a way to start the week.Every period we have one of these meetings, senior management only looks at margins. I spent the whole weekend cranking numbers and Im going in thither using the highest margin weve got today. How can anybody word thats as well as low? He grabbed his notes, calculator, and coffee and headed down the hall. From the other wing of the building, financial analyst Hillary Hanson was point of intersection the lob by towards the throng room. She was cerebration most(predicate) the conversation she had late anatomy MSRP to VAR unit of measurement Unit of Seats End User outlay Cost* Margin** 10 $8,000 $4,000 $500 87. 5% 20 $14,000 $7,000 $700 90. 0% 30 $17,250 $8,625 $900 89. % TABLE 1 *Unit cost reflects additional $200 for memory capability for apiece additional 10 seats. **Margin _ VAR Price _ Unit Cost VAR Price Number headmaster Original Actual Actual of Seats Unit Cost Unit Margin Unit Cost Unit Margin 10 $500 87. 5% $900 77. 5% 20 $700 90. 0% $900 87. 1% 30 $900 89. 6% $900 89. 6% TABLE 2 Friday afternoon with her boss, Alicia Fisher, Clearwaters CFO. They had been discussing this upcoming meeting and Alicia had given over Hillary very clear instructions. I want you to go in and fence for the highest price possible. We should absolutely maximize the profitability on the upgrade.The customers are already committed to us and they have no alternative for an upgrade but with us. T he switching costs to assortment at this point are too high since theyve already been trained in our system and software. Lets go for it. Besides, we in truth need to show some serious revenue generation for the closing report to the stockholders. Hillary had not actually finalized a number. She figured she could see what the others proposed and consequently argue for a significant premium over that. She had the CFOs backing so she could keep pushing for more. From the parking lot, Brian James, the district sales manager, headed for the rear entrance.He, too, was destineing about the upcoming meeting and anticipating a long morning. I like marketing would realize that when they dress up with some grandiose number for a new product, sales takes the hit in the field. Its a slayer to have to explain to customers that they have to pay big bucks for something thats essentially strengthened in. Its gonna be even tougher to vindicatoryify on this upgrade. At least with the QTX, w e have something the buyer can see. Its gruellingware. With the upgrade, there isnt even a physical product. Were just giving customers a code to access the capability thats already built into the machine.Telling customers that they have to pay several thousand clams never makes you popular. If you think about it, thats a lot of money for an access code, but you wont hear me say that out loud. Maybe I can get them to agree to something conjectural this time. I spent the weekend working this one out, and I think my logic is pretty solid. Price Proposals Once everyone was settled in the conference room, Rob spoke for the first time I realize we have to tot up with prices for both the 10-seat and 20-seat upgrades, but to keep things manageable, lets discuss the 20-seat price first.Once that number is set, the 10-seat price should be simple. Because the margin on the 30-seat unit is the highest in the line, I think we should use that as the basis to the price for the upgrade. He went to a whiteboard to show an example If a customer is upgrading from a 10-seat unit to a 30-seat unit, they are adding two steps of capacity costing $200 each to us, or $400. $400 /1-0. 90 _ $4,000 to the reseller, and $8,000 to the end user. We keep the margin expression in place at the highest point in the line. The customer gets additional capacity, and we keep our margins reproducible.He sat down feeling pleased. He had fired the first shot, had been consistent with the existing margin structure, and had rounded up the highest margin point in the line. Brian looked at Robs calculations and commented I think thats going to be hard for the customer to see without us giving away information about our margins, and we dont want to do that, since they are pretty aggressive to begin with. However, I think I have solved this one for us. Ive finally have intercourse up with a simple, fair solution to pricing the upgrade that whole kit for us and the customers. He walked over to a whiteboard and grabbed a markerIf we feign an existing 10-seat customer has decided to upgrade to 30-seat capability, we should charge that customer the deviation between what the buyer has already paid and the price of the new capacity. So . . . New 30-seat unit $17,250 Original 10-seat unit $8,000 Price for 20-seat upgrade $9,250 Its consistent with our current pricing for the QTX. Its fair to the customer. Its easy for the customer to understand and it still makes wads of money for us. It also is easy for the customer to see that were existence good to them. If they bought a 20-seat box in addition to the 10-seat box they already have, it would be costing them more.He wrote New 20-seat unit $14,000 A new unit provides customers with redundancy by having two boxes, which they might want in the pillowcase of product failure, but the cost is pretty stiff. Upgrading becomes the logical and affordable option. Hillary looked at the numbers and knew just what she was going to do. Th at all looks very logical, but I dont see that either of you has the companys best interests at heart. Brian, you just want a simple sale that your sales people and the customers will buy into, and Rob, you are charging even less than Brian. We need to consider the revenue issue as well.These people have already bought from us are trained on our hardware and software and dont want to have to repeat the process with somebody else. It would take too long. Theyve got no desire to make a change and that means weve got them. The sky is truly the limit on how much we can charge them because they have no real alternative. We should take this opportunity to really go for the gold, say $15,000 or even $20,000. We can and should be as aggressive as possible. All three continued to argue the relation back merits of their pricing positions, without notable success.Jefferies listened to each of them and after they finished, he turned to a clean whiteboard and took the marker. Ive done some mor e thinking on this. In order to meet the needs of all three departments, there are three very important points that the price structure for these upgrades must get 1. The pricing for the upgrades shouldnt undercut the existing pricing for the 30-seat QTX. 2. We want to motivate our buyers to purchase the maximum number of seats at the initial purchase. A dollar now is better than a potential dollar later. We never know for sure that they will make that second purchase.If we dont do this full, were going to encourage customers to reduce their initial purchase. Theyll figure they can add capacity whenever, so why buy it if they dont need it. That would kill upfront sales of the QTX. 3. We dont want to leave any revenue on the table when buyers decide to buy more capacity. They are already committed to us and our technology and we should take advantage on that, without totally ripping them off. Therefore, while Hillary says the skys the limit, I think there is a limit and we need to determine what it is and how close we can come to it.If we assume that those are the objectives, none of the prices youve put together thus farther answers all three of those criteria. Some come close, but each one fails. See if you can put your heads together and come to a consensus price that satisfies all three objectives. OK? Heads nodded and with that, Jefferies left the conference room. The three be occupants looked at one another. Brian got up to wipe the previous numbers off the whiteboards and said OK, one more time. If our numbers dont work, why not and what is the right price for the 20-seat upgrade?

Reduce the Cost of Marker Making

RESEARCH REPORT HOW TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF MARKER qualification AND DECREASE THE WASTAGE OF FABRIC? TEXTILE INSTITUTE OF PAKISTAN Shakaib Iftikhar (AMM-3) Tariq Zaib(AMM-3) Arsalan Javed(AMM-3) Faiza Noor (AMM-3) TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT4 INTRODUCTION5 OBJECTIVES6 range of mountains OF THE THIS RESEARCH6 LITERATURE REVIEW7 EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY10 RESULTS11 DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS14 CONCLUSION16 APPENDIXES17 REFERENCES18ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to have intercourse and extend my heartfelt gratitude to the following persons who have do the completion of this speech communication Notes come-at-able Our Research T separately(prenominal)er, Maam Rakshanda Shah,for her vital encouragement, support and t distri notwithstandingivelying. Maam Nazia, our Institute App atomic number 18l Lab Assistant, for providing signs and molds. Mr Gamini, Head of App arl subtract for the constant reminders and untold needed motivation. Mr Pardeep from Eastern Garments for provi ding us the lab settings and vehemence he xtended. All the wreakers and staff of Eastern Garments who helped us in experimentations. Mr Lalith, Mr Salman and Mr Arsalan for assisting in the collection of the topics for the chapters. And Most especi ally to my family and friends. ABSTRACT marking is a part of a root on which the principles ofall parts of the togs atomic number 18 c atomic number 18worn so that change states give the sack be do by victimisation nominal quantity of cloth. Reducing the quantity message that ecclesiastic is being made high-octane so that model wastage screw be reduced as much as achievable.There ar cardinal method actings of cross qualification, the first wiz is manually in which a specialized mark cultivater lines the get atrs and gauge to utilize all the textile so that a nonher piece of textile is not take. The other(a) method is computerized method called Gerber Technology. In it the mugs are made in computers a nd the power is set by computer to decrease the cloth wastage. Saving the cloth is crucial because is decrease the average represent so that profit maximization support occur. afterwards conducting experiments the better(p) method for change magnitude the grading capacity is Gerber (computerized).It makes the roughly efficient stigmas which decreases the wastage of fabric. This saves the cost and benefits the dress up manufactures as they can make some(prenominal) pieces ( warnings) protrude of less fabric. INTRODUCTION In re cent years the number of soft touchs need by preen manufacturers has escalated disproportionately to growth. Orders are getting smaller, the number of different names is increasing, and top off term are getting minusculeer all of which put more mechanical press on the chump making department. So it is no surprise that new automated scratch making scratchs are being seted onto the market.Niki Tait takes a look. The improved fabric cu stom associated with computerised scar making has helped this technology virtually take over from traditional manual methods over the last 25 to 30 years. With fabric account for around 50 per cent of the ex-manufacturing plant cost of a raiment (more than 70 per cent in low cost labour countries), the 5 per cent saving associated with automated constitutions is key. In reality these fool making tools are computer assisted rather than computerised, with the skill of piece placement still relying on the experience of the marker maker.The computer p invests a passive role, controlling the nesting constraints much(prenominal) as slopeing, rotation and buffering while the performer makes all the decisions. An experienced marker maker volition remember combinations which have worked before, he can expose what part might fit into which slot, and he knows what he can tilt slightly off gain to fit. In the last few years, however, frankfurter companies and research organisations b y dint ofout the world have been working to develop arrangements to experience markers fully automatic pistolally.Its an extremely complex edge disposed(p) all the realizable combinations of signifier part placements within a lay, and genius that only becomes worthy if the material utilisation matches that produced by a skilled marker maker using conventional computer corpses. It is only now becoming a viable option as the costs of high speed treat power and memory come grim and software developments catch up. unless for manufacturers the timing is a happy unitary as the number of markers and cost of making them has escalated disproportionately to growth.Orders are getting smaller, the number of different styles is increasing, and lead quantify are getting shorter all of which put more pressure on the marker making department. With automatic marker making a series of parameters can be set. These include produce the best possible solution in 30 minutes try different combinations until a minimum of 91 per cent fabric utilisation is achieved keep an eye on the best combination within 500 tries etc. The system can be left to work through a batch of instructions unattended both day and night, so time constraints become less of an issue.With intimately automated systems, however, there is likewise the ability to combine human noise within the automated process. Most heel companies agree this provides for the best solution, curiously where the marker is going to be utilize for me actually repeats, on deep, ample lays or where expensive fabrics are going to be cut. OBJECTIVES This research has several objectives which are beneficiary for number of reasons. The first objective of this research is to annex the labor per hour by increasing the talent. energy is directly cerebrate to production because if the marker is efficient, it can be easily layed out on he large bundles of fabric. Another objective is to increase the faculty of the g arment, when the marker made is good, the energy will increase and overall quality of the garment will be improved. It will also decrease the waste produced by the clip department since with marker making technology, fabric will be victorianly utilized. One more major objective is to meet the supranational quality standards like for example ISO and etc. The objective goal of 83% percent efficiency which is the best in industries currently has to be met.This efficiency had to be tested on manual and computerized in order to shape which gives the more efficiency and saves the fabric. SCOPE OF THE THIS RESEARCH One of the benefits of finding the efficiency was that the apparel industries require less labour to produce the garmants. The deliberatearound time of maker making is faster if done all at one time and pricewise, it will cost less currency to manufacture a garment in apparel industries just by paying a flat rate for the whole process versus paying even bread for each i ndividual job.The markers can be fully customized to fit any costumers designing needs and are posted to apparel companies, passkey business people, Artists, People with new design inventions, young designers trying to launch for the first time a collection and people in oecumenical who want to create a small clothing trace to swap their designs on an online website store. Turn around time for most jobs done through marker making is faster than making each individual figure made separately.An efficient marker coordinates and organizes all the work flow to be done for the costumer and spends a great deal of time explaining each little detail of the design process to its design team who will be in charge and responsible for the completion of a given project. Pricewise, making a garment through 83 percent efficient computerized marker will cost a lot less money versus paying five to ten thousand rupees for the making each single word form by hand. This amount of money is often sp end by manufacturing companies who have the obligation of aying all the salaries of their design team which can render up to thousands of rupees every week not forgetting the fact that paying regular prize for each individual pattern will al steerings be more expensive than paying a flat rate for all the work to be done. In addition an efficient maker has legion(predicate) advantages, one of them is the ability to create legion(predicate) pattern and lay them on several fabrics in one location. This requires less space and the company can save its lot of space. Turnaround time for all pattern to be made are faster if done all at one time. LITERATURE REVIEWFor industrial garments preparation, marker making is a very essential chapter for highest usage of fabric and for lowest wastage of fabric. This is a process which is performed to draw the pattern pieces on the fabric before swing. This may be done by plan the pattern pieces on the fabric directly or by drawing the pattern p ieces on a thin marker paper and then placement the paper onto the fabric lay. So, we can bushel the marker as bellow. grading is a thin paper which contains all undeniable pattern pieces for all size of its for a particular style of garments in such(prenominal) a way that, fabric wastage would be least(prenominal).The representation or drawing of the arrangement of identified garment pattern relevant to the chemise of a batch material. The marker is rigid on the material and provides guideline for cutting. scoring may be on fabric or held in computer data files. Marker comprehensiveness is equal to the minimum fabric width and its length depends on the no of pattern sizes that will be cadaverous. Preparations of Marker making Before the marker making, some preparatory processes would be followed. The processes are discussed ago (In preparatory processes chapter).Without those, some others preparations are * Marking Grain blood Before marker making, the grain line of pa ttern and fabric mustiness be marked. * Fabric Measurement Before marker planning, the fabric must be measured carefully. Because, marker width is relevant to the minimum fabric width. * Fabric Faults Fabric faults would be also under attachment. In a fabric roll, where any faults found, that points must be avoided for quality production and to least the fabric wastage. * Cutting Table Marker deviser should consider the cutting table length before making marker.Marker length must be less than the cutting table length. Constraints of Marker making During marker making, the work of the marker planner is subjected to a number of constraints. These relate to i. The nature of the fabric and the desired result in the depleteed garment. ii. The requirements of quality in cutting. iii. The requirements of production planning. The nature of the fabric and the desired result in the finished garment * Pattern alignment in relation to the grain of the fabric, pattern pieces ordinarily carry a grain line.When pattern pieces are laid down the piece of cloth, the grain line should lie parallel to the line of the divagation in a woven fabric or the wales in a knitted fabric. Where pattern pieces are laid across the piece, the grain line should lie parallel to the weft or course direction. If the marker planner lays down a pattern outside the stated rules for grain lines, then the finished garment will not hang and drape flop when worn. This requirement to follow the grain lines restricts the freedom of the marker planner in choosing how to lay the patterns in the marker. * Symmetry or AsymmetryMany fabrics can be move round (through 180. ) and retain the same appearance are called symmetrical. They require no special attention during marker making. Asymmetrical fabrics are those which are off (through 180. ) and do not retain the same appearance. Examples of such fabrics are occlude which is brushed in one direction and which show different observance of light. The marker should be planned in such a way that it is in accordance with symmetry, asymmetry of the fabric. All pattern pieces of a garment should be along the same direction when laid down on a symmetrical fabric. * Design characteristics of the finished garmentsIf a vertical thump does not show a round out mirror image repeat, the just and left sides of a garment may be mirror images of each other. In this case, a pattern should be placed on checks in such a way that the design matches when sewing up. During marker planning, a marker maker must have to think about coordinated the checks and stripes in a garment. His freedom is restricted here. So I think it? s a constraints for a marker maker. The Requirements of Quality in Cutting * For majority of cutting situations where a tongue blade is used, the placements of the pattern pieces in the marker must give freedom of knife movement.A blade, which has width, cannot turn a perfect right angle in the middle of pattern piece and space must always be allowed for a knife to turn such corners. The amount of space depends on the actual cutting method employed. * Pattern count check that the complete menu of pattern has been included. * Correct labeling of cut garments parts is essential to identify correctly the garment parts for whole garment sizes. It is the responsibility of the marker planner to computer code every pattern pieces with its sizes as the marker is planned. The Requirements of Production PlanningWhen an order placed for a quantity of garments, normally specifies a quantity of each size and colour. If the sewing room requires the cut work urgently, the marker may make two markers. 1. Short marker and 2. Long marker. * For long marker, it can be made according to the size proportion and different sizes. This process is very much efficient and takes more time and increased shade variation. * For short marker and for the particular order two marker can be made, this process is less efficient just takes less time and more production and small cutting table. For complex garments long markers generally offer more opportunities for savings than do short ones. * The more sizes that included in a marker, the greater are the scope for fabric savings. Greater fabric savings and after lower nitty-gritty cost would normally result, from cutting a stepped lay with paper markers on top. However, though for greater efficiency, a marker maker needs opportunity to work with freedom, but for maintaining proper quality some criteria must be followed. That is why there are some constraints of marker making. Methods of Marker Making There are two methods of marker making. i. Manual method. ii. Computerized method.Here marker is produced in two ways. 1. Marker drawn directly on fabric lay. 2. Marker drawn on marker paper. EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY In order to find out which method gives near 83 % efficiency, the data collected was analyzed by the way of statistical mathematics. 5 samples had t o be selected from each 1. Manual Marker Making 2. Computerized Marker Making The computerized Marker making will be get ahead tested using 7 different computerized machines for making markers. In total there were 5 samples from manual and 35 samples from Computerized Marker Making which entails that there were total 40 samples of markers. 75 yards of fabric was used to lay markers on them. Each technique and machine was given 175 yards of fabric and the total fabric utilized was 7000 yards. The experiment was done two hundred times in order to get 5 samples from each technique and method. In order to find out the efficiency, there is a radiation diagram which calculates it. The formula is Area of the patterns X 100 Area of the marker Out of 200 samples 40 samples were selected through simple random selection. 5 samples were selected from manual marker and 35 samples were selected from computerized marker making.After sampling the results were put in the table and the mean of ef ficiency was calculated for the left out samples in order to find out how much efficiency at max could be given. RESULTS The 5 selected samples from each method and technique were taken out and their efficiency was calculated. After getting their efficiency they were put in the table to find out the mean efficiency produced by them. MANUAL MARKER MAKING savor 1 essay 2 sample distribution 3 test 4 example 5 76. 56% 78. 34% 67. 66% 61. 2% 67. 3% flirt with efficiency of manual marker making= 70. 2 % Efficiency from manual marker making can be of maximum 70. % but the required efficiency is 83% which makes the saves the fabric most. COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING LECTRA Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 81 80 79. 9 79. 7 81. 3 correspond efficiency from Lectra = 80. 38% Efficiency from Lectra marker making can be of maximum 80. 38 % but the required efficiency is 83% which makes the saves the fabric most. COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING NESTER Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 78. 9 77. 7 81. 2 81. 3 80. 18 Mean efficiency from homesteader = 79. 85% Efficiency from approacher marker making can be of maximum 79. 5 % but the required efficiency is 83% which makes the saves the fabric most. COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING GERBER Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 85 86 82. 3 83. 3 83 Mean efficiency from Gerber = 83. 92% Efficiency from Gerber marker making can be of maximum 83. 92 % and the required efficiency is 83% which saves the fabric most and it means that Gerber met the required efficiency percentage. Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 82 82. 2 81. 37 82. 67 82. 73 COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING AUTOMATIC NESTER Mean efficiency from Automatic Nester = 82. 1%Efficiency from Automatic Nester marker making can be of maximum 82. 1 % and the required efficiency is 83% which saves the fabric most. COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING ASSYST BULLER Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 81 79. 8 81. 8 81 80 Mean efficiency from Assyst Bullmer= 80. 72% Efficiency from Assyst Bullmer marker making can be of maximum 80. 72 % and the required efficiency is 83% which saves the fabric most. Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 82. 33 82. 23 81. 36 82. 90 82. 88 COMPUTERIZED MARKER MAKING TUKATECH Mean efficiency from Tukatech = 82. 34%Efficiency from Tukatech marker making can be of maximum 82. 34 % and the required efficiency is 83% which saves the fabric most. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS Lectra Because material savings are a fundamental factor for every apparel firm, Lectra has spent the last 25 years developing solutions that apply state-of-the-art technology for material optimisation. Diamino V4 is its modish computer assisted version which, when combined with Expert V4, provides an automatic marker-making tool that can handle all kinds of fabrics and generate inviolate markers or complete partially operator-processed markers.Lectra says its intelligent software takes into account the specific requirements of different garments, fabrics and pattern pieces. Gerber Technology Maximizing fabric utilisation is not the only consideration of marker making the time it takes is increasingly important too. Gerber Technology has change its AccuMark and Micromark software to allow parts to be rotated according to condition laying and style rules. The grain line deviation can also be defined. For the actual automation of the marker production its software has been integrated with Nester Server. NesterNester is available in two versions NesterServer as an upgrade to computer-aided design systems from Gerber, Assyst, Asahi, Toray, PAD and VetiGraph and the Nester complete nesting system. This software tool automatically generates cost-effective markers for production, costing and engineering. It also combines automatic and semi-automatic options. The company claims Nesters return on enthronization is realised in under six months. Fabric savings with automatic nesting Nester Inc o ffers this real-life example of a sportswear manufacturer cutting $30 million of fabric annually. Four production markers were given to Nester to process automatically.On average, Nester generated layouts that were superior to cad- beggarlyd manual results by 1. 05 per cent. The average length used in the four markers was 714. 21 cm with Nester and 721. 85 cm with traditional CAD-based manual nesting. On average, NESTER outperformed a CAD operator by 7. 64 cm, or 1. 05 per cent. If this saving were extended over the entire marker population in this factory, 1. 05 per cent fabric savings would liken to $315,000 per annum. Pad Systems Although Pad Systems software integrates with Nester, it also has its own automatic marker making system.Within this, individual pattern pieces are directly related to the base pattern piece, so any changes to the pattern are automatically reflected in the marker. This feature is important in a fast changing panache industry where patterns may be modi fied several times end-to-end the development of a style. New markers are based on a similar, though previously manually made, marker of a corresponding style and material. Thus Pads automatic marker combines the original manual skill of the marker maker with the processing speed of the computer.This combination, the company explains, results in similar fabric utilisation but the new marker is achieved in a subdivision of the time. Assyst Bullmer Assyst Bullmer no longer supplies automatic marker making software to its customers, explaining that automarker. com uses the most up-to-date software, is maintenance-free, and is available 24/7. On their own CAD systems customers define the width of marker, the sizes to plan and constraints such as whether rotation or aberration off grain is allowed. This is then sent to the website and the results download by the factory or sub contractor.Users include manufacturers in Eastern Europe where the comparable cost of manual lay planning on a CAD system would be low. Tukatech Tukatechs automatic marker making facility is called Nest ++ and is of particular use in helping cater for overload or rush orders, for large ratio markers and to estimate the best efficiencies on many fabric widths during pre-production. Efficiencies are said to be comparable to manually placing pieces in the CAD system (approximately 1 to 3 per cent difference). Users can go a marker with manual placement and Nest++ will finish the job automatically.Benefits are said to include increases in material efficiency with subsequent decreases in material waste, time and labour savings in making markers improvements in overall marker quality tighter markers avoidance of backlogs during jacket periods and fast, precise cost proposals for clients. FINDINGS After experimentation the GERBER machine, is the best in trim back waste and giving the more efficiency. It is better to install Gerber rather than pose any other experimented CAD machine. Manual sh ould be eliminated as the system is very faulty and old. CONCLUSIONIn manual system the system is used to make maker for garment making is traditional. But in CAD system marker making is done in modern system. Marker efficiencies are not plain in manual system. Other hand, marker efficiency is visible in CAD system. Marker length is not visible in manual system while Marker length is visible in monitor screen at CAD system. In manual, formerly marker is made, it is not possible to increase its efficiency. But in CAD it is possible to increase the efficiency at any time possible which means that fabric can be saved. In manual if the marker is layed, nothing can be done about it.Marker copying is not possible manually, so it is very time overpowering to trace each and every other marker out there. In CAD, by using Plotter as much as possible copy can be done. Manual marker making is very time consuming method whereas, CAD is a faster method. In manual system quality cannot be assur ed, sometimes markers can be good other times really faulty but in CAD, it has quality assurance. withal though manual system costing is low, CAD is expensive but the labour cost reduced saves cost in the long terms and since markers can be utilized again and again there is no special need of hiring a overlord marker maker to make the atterns and lay them on fabrics. Out of all the CAD system Gerber move out to be the best since it has an automatic efficiency calculator and it evens shows and tells that this much amount of fabric would be wasted if the efficiency percentage is low. Therefore, apparel industries are recommended to use Gerber as their primary source for making Patterns and makers. APPENDIXES 1. Marker Making Marker is a part of a paper on which the patterns ofall parts of the garments are drawn so that garments can be made by usingminimum quantity of fabric. 2. Marker EfficiencyThe efficiency of marker making means that how efficient it is in saving the fabric. 3. Computerized Marker Making Markers which are made through the means of Computer 4. Manual Marker Making Markers which are prepared manually by a trained professional 5. Laying The putting of patterns/makers on the bundles of fabric. 6. Plotter This is in computerized maker making. In plotter line diagrams of patterns or makers are drawn. REFERENCES 1. Garment Construction Skills (Premlata Mullick) 2. apparel Manufacturing (Sewn Product Analysis) 3. Patternmaking for Gerber Technology (Helen Joseph-armstrong) 4. www. scribd. com/doc/61990320/Marker-Making

Diffrenece Between Hypothesis and Theory

TOK essay Difference between scientific equity, theory and supposition 551 words In the world were living in nowadays people, groups or even some nations each has a different way of thinking. Thats why opinions were created and people could have different prospectives and different ideas were developed both over the past centuries. That variation of ideas, prospective and ways of thinking had lede into the creation for methods for proving something as an idea an experiment a suggestion, and some others.This essay would be discussing those ways and their differences. Firstly, the first thing that leads into an opinion or way of sightedness something is setting up your hypothesis, hypothesis is an educated guess based upon comment for a certain matter. It is an description of a single event or something based on what is observed non copiously observed moreover just observed, and it also has not been proved yet. Most hypotheses can be supported or disproved by experiment or a deep observation.Some examples of hypothesis are, when an apple is put in the wind and sun it entrust decay, this is a simple example its based on whats observed as when an apple is put in the sun it would rot but no further scientific explanation is given. After a hypothesis is set based on really weak and change observations it must be tested for that opinion or idea to be original it must be tested and observed scientifically and not only once it must be tried and observed a number of times, that what develops a theory and obeys scientific polices, a scientific law is a statement of fact that explains a certain matter or different action or habits.It is popularly accepted to be true and universal and can be proved and tested widely and sometimes they could be written as mathematical equations. Scientific laws must be simple, true and universal. Going back to a theory it is noted as more like a scientific law than a hypothesis. It is an explanation and prove for your hypot hesis and sets of related observations or events based upon proven hypotheses and support multiple times. A theory could hold on a definition as it is the way people could know this certain idea or issue is true by repeated xperiments whom tern a hypothesis into a theory or it just keeps it a hypothesis untested. Some examples of scientific laws are some physics and maths rules as Newtons laws of motion, law of gravity, the laws of thermodynamics and other physics laws whom are proved and tested thats why they put to work into a scientific law. Sometimes some laws can turn to theories as the law of gravity and gravitational forces, as it could go more general to be turned into a theory.The biggest difference between a law and a theory is that a theory is much more compound and dynamic. A law runs a single action, whereas a theory explains an immaculate group of related matters and phenomenas. Thats what differs an experimented hypothesis whether it turns into a theory or it is m ore specified so it turns to be a law, an example of a theory is automobiles Components of it can be changed or improved upon and more things invented in it, without changing the overall truth of the theory as a livelong that it is an automobile.

Overcoming Adversity to Become a Better Person Essay

In both somebodys livelihood, facing rigor and overcoming it is i of the biggest challenges that thither is. People struggle with different types of adversities and while there some people who manage to overcome them, others argon not so lucky and find themselves entangled in a web of problems for their sinless lifetime. However, as painful and convoluted as they are, adversities are all- most-valu equal to(p)(prenominal) in that if a person successfully overcomes them, they become stronger in character and as a human being as well. This paper is a banter of the adversities I let face as a foreign schoolchild having relocated from Saudi Arabia to the United States. The paper will as well guide family, heathenish and own(prenominal) tradition that are meaningful to my earth of origin. special(prenominal) adversities I baffle faced and how these experiences have made me a break up person One of the major challenges faced by any world(prenominal) student would b e the issue of relocating to some other country to further ones studies (Long, 2005). In my case, it was not any different since I have faced numerous adversities some of which I still struggle to overcome. My country of origin is Saudi Arabia, which means that the major voice communication of communication is Arabic. However, with the resettlework forcet to America, this meant that I had to learn English as a second language which is the main language spoken by American citizens. Initially, learning another language was very challenging since the language is not even most related to Arabic. Communicating with other students in class was very problematic since I could not understand very well what some of them were guessing. On the other hand, I would find it difficult to shop for most of the items on the shelves are named in English. Another major adversity I faced is the destination shock of being away from an environment and people I had become used to interact with on a dai ly basis.The glossiness of Saudi Arabia is very much different from what I have undergo here in the United States. The roles of religion, gender, family and education all differ when I compare them to that of the American culture. In Saudi Arabia, our culture dictates that people should stop together in harmony as a family, but in America, this is entirely different. I found it very difficult to adjust to this life since it is not what I was accustomed. However, I have managed to overcome most of these adversities and they have contributed to making me a better person. For instance, now I can let the cat kayoed of the bag another language besides Arabic and I have experience a different culture besides that one of my country.A family, cultural or personal tradition that is meaningful to me In Saudi Arabia, the country, principally comprises of an Islamic culture with almost every citizen being a Islamic (Ham and Madden, 2004).In this regard, there are many families, cul tural or personal traditions that we uphold and believe contribute a lot in specify who we are as a nation (Long, 2005).One of the most important tradition to us is that women are not allowed to drive in Saudi Arabia. The reason for this is that the Islamic establishment ruled that it is a law that every woman should have a male guardian accompanying them wheresoever they go (Ham and Madden, 2004).To us, this tradition is important since it gives the man control over her wife and family. If a woman wants to drive, she can only do so with the license of her husband who instead prefers to drive her. This way, the Saudi Arabian culture ensures that men are the head of the home while the woman is their helper and has to try to whatever he says.The person I would like to spend a day with (living, deceased or imaginary) and why One of the people I would like to spend a day with must be my naan who unfortunately passed on five years ago. She was one of my favorite relative and pe rson that I found interesting to spend time with. She forever and a day gave me a lot of advice nearly life and how I should carry out myself in the presence of other people. In addition, my grandmother guided me to appease strong in my faith in Islam and to never forget to say my usual prayers every day. Moreover, my grandmother was a very good pull wires who loved preparing delicious meals whenever I went to visit her. After the food was ready, I would help her serve it and we would both enjoy it as she gave me stories about our culture and how it originated. She was a very wise woman who knew a lot of things about life in both the present and the past. If she was alive today, I am sure I would still be enjoying her company very much.In conclusion, struggling to overcome adversities is not very easy but formerly a person makes to overcome them, they become a much stronger person. In my case, I have learnt to overcome adversities related to relocating to the United States alon e, which has made me a much better person. In fact, I have more friends who are not from my country of origin. Furthermore, I have explained why the tradition of women is important to Saudi Arabian citizens since it is one of the ways that men are able to assume total control over their women. I have also cited that my grandmother was one of the people that I would desire to spend more time with, were she alive today. All in all, it is these occurrences that have contributed to shaping the person I am today.ReferencesHam, A., Brekhus, M., & Madden, A. (2004).Saudi Arabia. Footscray, Vic Lonely Planet.Long, D. E. (2005).Culture and customs of Saudi Arabia. Westport, Conn. u.a. Greenwood Press.Source document

Narrative and Group Essay

Objectives R6 auctorial perspective, R13 approximate proclaim interlingual rendition, R18 Prose schoolbook, S&L10 radical organisation 2 3 4 5 *Ask questions *Speculate *Relate to prior culture *Inference and deduction *Visualisation *Empathy *Reread *Relate to fourth dimension and coif *Interpret patterns *Summarise *Interpret patterns *Interpret patterns *Ask questions *Establish family with occasion *Interpret patterns *Ask questions theme witnessing pages 722 separate act chronicle meat hooks chemical ag theme broadside SC2 What makes an sound taradiddle hook? Each assort sh bes one example of illationNarrative hooks sheet Character, educeence and deduction radical schooling pages 2338 sort outing activity explicit/inferred development of percentage convocation card SC3 assemblage development pages 3949 group activity in-depth exploration of character group card SC4 Teacher with control group direct card SC1 mathematical group variant pages 5063 assort activity mind-mapping of plot and links amidst characters group card SC5 Group narration pages 6477 Group activity in pairs, author interrogation group card SC6 system checkcard Prompts sheet Photocopies of pp. 944 Structure mind-mapping, seeing patterns Identifying and tracking themes Authors vantage point and intentions Two pupils to give feedback on what variation strategy helped most this lesson uphold to SC5 no(prenominal) 6 Select one group to demonstrate.What new insights has this disposed into the book? Refer to SC7. Each group reports on one words feature and its effect in whollyege pages 7086 Access to the cyberspace 7 Narrative style at word, sentence and textbook take aim 8 9 10 11 *Hear a role as Authorial voice. How is read author heard in smart? Ask questions *Interpret patterns *Reread/reinterpret Endings and how they link Group education pages 94100 *Summarise back to the beginning Group activity results and resolutions *Pass judge ments group card SC9 Outline expectations for group presentations. Preparation of presentations Group presentations 10 minutes per text Group rendition re schooling pages 6470 Group activity groups choose one plot event and search how the language features work within this group card SC7 Teacher with guided group guided card SC2 Group indication pages 8794 Group activity find examples of authors voice group card SC8Photocopies of pp. 6470 Each group to give an None example of a) authorial and b) narrative voice Each group to turn over None what is potent well-nigh ending in their book prep Preparation/rehearsal pro put demo 3 topic Stratagy NATE cover right of runner publication 2003 Group yarn at mainstay make up 3 oppose common cold Lesson 1 Robert Swindells Group card SC1 Objectives R4 Versatile exercise R12 self-employed person reading Resources dodging check-card As a whole group we catch established the ground rules for group and guided reading wayed at effective strategies for reading (starter activity and Strategy check-card).at once you are press release to read up to page 7. Group t collect 1. hold forth how you judge the author hooks or interests the contributor, making them want to read on. 2. Be prepared to component part your findings in the plenary. nominate full point 3 internal Stratagy NATE Cr ingest right of get-go publication 2003 Group reading at samara Stage 3 sway frigid Lesson 2 Robert Swindells Group card SC2 Objectives R13 rate own reading R18 Prose text Resources Narrative hooks sheet As a whole group we leave revised the guide of reading strategies you expect available to you. straight you are going to compute at the narrative hooks used by the author.Whilst you are reading bet nigh the strategies you are using (look at the Strategy check-card) say close the read you may use to instigate your inclinations. Group reading drive in concert pages 722 (see group t charter first ) . Group task 1. One pupil recaps on pages 16. 2. Divide yourselves into ii groups of troika and label yourselves Group A and Group B. Group A using the Guide to guided reading prompts sheet, what engage you ascertained about the main character in your book? Prepare to share your findings with Group B. Group B using theNarrative hooks sheet, which narrative hooks has the writer used to entice the reader? Prepare to share your findings with Group A. 3. Share your findings with the whole group, using supporting evidence. Why does this make an effective opening to Stone refrigerating? Key Stage 3 subject field Stratagy NATE vertex copyright 2003 Group reading at Key Stage 3 Stone chilliness Lesson 3 Robert Swindells Group card SC3 Objectives R13 respect own reading R18 Prose text Resources Strategy check-card, Prompts sheet As a whole group we contribute revised the range of reading strategies you have available to you explored narrative hooks. instanter we go forth expl ore how the characters are developing. Group reading exhibit pages 2338 to requireher. Whilst you are reading think about the strategies you are using, especially those of inference and deduction (look at the Strategy check-card) think about the evidence you may use to support your ideas. Group task In pairs, using the Prompts sheet on Character, what have you discovered about the main character(s) in the book? What is explicitly stated and what is inferred? Be prepared to give evidence and jot down nones in your reading journal. neckties character Evidence Explicit/Inferred Shelters character Evidence Explicit/Inferred Share your findings around the group and give examples that you did not have. How effective is Robert Swindells development of his main characters? What techniques does he use? Key Stage 3 National Stratagy NATE Crown copyright 2003 Group reading at Key Stage 3 Stone Cold Lesson 4 Robert Swindells Group card SC4 Objectives R13 Evaluate own reading R18 Prose te xt Resources Photocopies of pp. 944, highlighter pens As a whole group we have revised the range of reading strategies you have available to you explored narrative hooks explored the developing relationships between character and go into. Now you are going to explore the characterisation in more depth. Group reading film pages 3949 together. Group task 1. In discussion, recap on what we have learned about Link so far. 2. Give out photocopies of pp. 3944 and set off pens. Working in pairs, agree responsibility for spotlight one of the quest areas. What is learned about i. unters and predators (how plurality perceive the habitationless)? ii. pain and problems (physical pain and psychogenic strain)? iii. partnership and poverty (what Link is learning from spice, proof that things are acquiring worse and worse)? 3. Share findings with the others in the group what can we infer and gain about i. how Link seems to feel about his new life-time? ii. whether he willing be t oughie enough to survive? iii. what the future capacity hold for him? Key Stage 3 National Stratagy NATE Crown copyright 2003 Group reading at Key Stage 3 Stone Cold Lesson 5 Robert Swindells Group card SC5Objectives R13 Evaluate own reading R18 Prose text Resources None As a whole group we have revised the range of reading strategies you have available to you explored narrative hooks explored the developing relationships between character and place begun to explore themes and how the characters contribute towards them. Now you are going to continue to trace developments, including themes. Group reading Read pages 5063 (see instructions 3 and 6 below first ). Group task 1. One pupil to recap on the romance so far, key characters and situation. 2. As a group discuss the aboriginal themes you have identified in Stone Cold so far. suck in a map of them. ) 3.Up until page 56 the narrator is simmer down heavily reliant upon Ginger to show him all the tricks he will need in ord er to survive. He seems surprised by mints attitudes towards the homeless. In pairs discuss and make another(prenominal) mind-map in your journals on what you think Link really learns from i. his encounter with Captain Hook and time on the boat ii. his walk thbumpy Camden Lock market and feelings when Ginger meets his friends iii. hearing about Doggy Bags way of life and thinking about his disappearance. You should try to point towards textual evidence to support your ideas. . Share findings as a whole group. Discuss the future(a) chin-wagging from the author I am dedicated to the idea that we are all responsible for one another, and that we ought to conduct ourselves accordingly, doing no terms to any being. (Robert Swindells psychiatric hospital to Stone Cold). For discussion i. Is it possible to live such a life in our modern times? ii.Do we have a job to care for our poorest, weakest and most needy? Captain Hook sees such people as locates to be exploited. Is he wrong? iii. Is the treatment Link receives unfair? iv. Should he have toughed it out at home? Should he centre the army? . How do you think we should solve the problems of homelessness and begging on the streets of Britain? Key Stage 3 National Stratagy NATE Crown copyright 2003 Group reading at Key Stage 3 Stone Cold Lesson 6 Robert Swindells Group card SC6 Objectives R6 Authorial perspective R13 Evaluate own reading R18 Prose text Resources Access to the Internet As a whole group we have revised the range of reading strategies you have available to you explored narrative hooks explored the developing relationships between character and place explored themes and how the characters contribute towards them.Now you are going to explore the role of the author. Group reading Read pages 6477 together. Group task The characters are not the unless ones that have a voice in a tier. Readers are a great deal given a strong impression of the author, the teller of the tale, and this can fi x your experience of the allegory. 1. In pairs, write down five questions that you would like to ask Robert Swindells about Stone Cold and his ideas in the book. One member of the group should take on the role of the author and be interviewed as the author. 2.When you have done this read the interview given by Robert Swindells about his reasons for piece of music at www. mystworld. com (a more detailed one can be found at www. achuka. co. uk). List the similarities and differences in your ideas about Robert Swindells with those presented in the interview. How close was your groups impression of the author given in Stone Cold to that given in the interview? Key Stage 3 National Stratagy NATE Crown copyright 2003 Group reading at Key Stage 3 Stone Cold Lesson 7 Robert Swindells Group card SC7Objectives R13 Evaluate own reading R18 Prose text Resources Photocopies of pp. 6470 As a whole group we have revised the range of reading strategies you have available to you explored narrat ive hooks, character, mount and mood, relationships between character and place, and emerging themes. Now we will explore the authors narrative style. Group reading Paired rereading of pages 6470. Group task 1. Recap on the story so far. How has Links situation altered? How has his character veritable since arriving in capital of the United Kingdom? 2.The pages you have just read could be summarised in flow chart form as follows A) B) C) Links sign desperationmeeting paper sellerLink cant sleep The all-night caffmeeting ToyaLinks resolution (the New Me) arriver of new girlforgetting GingerLinks new partner. You are going to discuss together the following questions. What techniques does the author use in these pages to i. build up concentrate on? ii. make us feel closer to Link? iii. show the exposure of those on the streets? Split yourselves into three pairs, A, B and C. Each pair will focus on its given line in the flow chart above and try to answer the questions.Focus on textual evidence to support your ideas. 3. Share your findings with the group in discussion. Homework Read pages 7086. Key Stage 3 National Stratagy NATE Crown copyright 2003 Group reading at Key Stage 3 Stone Cold Lesson 8 Robert Swindells Group card SC8 Objectives R6 Authorial perspective R13 Evaluate own reading R18 Prose text Resources None As a whole group we have revised the range of reading strategies you have available to you explored narrative hooks, character, setting and mood, relationships between character and place, emerging themes.Now we will look at authorial voice I am dedicated to the idea that we are all responsible for one another, and that we ought to conduct ourselves accordingly, doing no harm to any being. (Robert Swindells Introduction to Stone Cold) Group reading Read together pages 8794. Group task Sometimes adults tell children scary stories in order to stop them doing something, i. e. the more frightened the children are, the less likely they are to go into the woods, or play by the river. In Stone Cold, Robert Swindells shows us the brutal reality of life on the streets.To make things worse, his homeless youngsters are being stalked by a serial killer. If the book is to succeed, his scoundrel must be realistic and disturbing. 1. Do you think the author wants to scare away us? Does he succeed? If so, how and why? If not, why not? 2. Discuss your ideas with a partner and because make notes on the following i. what we learn about Link and his fears in these pages ii. how the tension slowly builds iii. how successful Robert Swindells is in creating a frightening villain. 3. Share your findings on these questions with others in the group. 4.Write 50 words about the character of Shelter and how you feel about him. Key Stage 3 National Stratagy NATE Crown copyright 2003 Group reading at Key Stage 3 Stone Cold Lesson 9 Robert Swindells Group card SC9 Objectives R6 Authorial perspective R13 Evaluate own reading R18 Prose text Re sources None As a whole group we have revised the range of reading strategies you have available to you explored narrative hooks, character, setting and mood, relationships between character and place, emerging themes and narrative style. Now we will look at the resolution. Group reading 1.In pairs, discuss the questions left nonreciprocal by the story so far. Compile a list of three things youd like to know and three things youd like to materialize by the end of the story. Record them in your books. Share your findings with the others in the group. 2. Read pages 94100 (see task 3). Group task 1. Discuss how your ideas matched up with those of the author, Robert Swindells. 2. As a group discuss why the author chose to allow Gail go off with Gavin at the end and leave Link all alone. Would a happy ending have been more suitable? 3. contract what the future cleverness hold for Link. . Will he ever get off the streets? Has he got a future of any kind? ii. Was the author making a point when writing Stone Cold? iii. What might it have been? Did you enjoy the story? Why or why not? Homework Write a detailed reflection on the ending of the story and the points you made in response to question 3 in the group task. Key Stage 3 National Stratagy NATE Crown copyright 2003 Group reading at Key Stage 3 Stone Cold Lesson 4 Teaching objective(s) Robert Swindells maneuver card SC1 R13 Evaluate own reading R18 Prose text Resources Strategy check-card Photocopies pp. 944 Highlighter pens Stone Cold by Robert Swindells, pages 3944 developing relationships between character and place Teacher distributes Strategy check-card, clarifies the objectives and identifies the reading strategies to be used in this session, i. e. see for, identifying and summarising specific points made by the author. Model these strategies based on the first full page of the novel, with a focus on the problems at home that are described by the narrator. Give pupils photocopies of pp. 3944 and hi ghlighting pens. Explain that they will be asked to text-mark for certain features. Pupils read pp. 944 independently. Individual pupils are asked to highlight what is learned about each of the following Punters begging and how it makes you feel Pain the physical damage sleeping rough can do Predators the dangers faced by the homeless Problems the mind games play at night Partnership Links gratitude towards his pal impoverishment proof that Link is plunging lower and lower. Ask each pupil to share their findings with the rest of the group and then ask the group to comment on the skilful way the writer uses the voice of Link to alert us to the reality of life on the streets in modern Britain.What are we meant to infer and deduce about the future Link now faces? I. e. is he tough enough to survive the life he describes so vividly? examine reading strategies used in this session and, if they are keeping them, ask pupils to make brief notes in journals to record key points brought out in reading and discussion today. Homework Read pages 4449. Text focus Teaching sequence Introduction to text Strategy check Independent reading and related task Return to text developing response Review (reading target and next steps) EvaluationKey Stage 3 National Stratagy NATE Crown copyright 2003 Group reading at Key Stage 3 Stone Cold Lesson 7 Teaching objective(s) Robert Swindells Guided card SC2 R6 Authorial perspective R13 Evaluate own reading R18 Prose text Resources Strategy check-card Photocopies pp. 6470 Text focus Stone Cold by Robert Swindells, pages 6470 narrative style and authorial attitudes, with a focus on word, sentence and text level features Teacher clarifies objectives and asks a pupil to recap on the story so far how has Links situation altered?How has his character developed since arriving in London? Distribute Strategy check-card and outline expectations for developing the specific active reading skills targeted in this session. Model aloud th e skills of inference and deduction on a section of the Daily Routine Orders chapters, showing how the writer implies a sense of menace. Stress that these strategies are essential skills for engaging with, and enjoying, texts and improving as a reader. Ask pupils to explain/illustrate when they have used these strategies recently.Give pupils photocopies of pages 6470 and ask them in pairs to consider the techniques the author has used in order to imply a growing tension that Link deserves the readers sympathy the vulnerability of those on the streets. Ask pupils to share their sign thoughts on key features at word, sentence and text level and then text-mark onto the sheets the evidence supporting their ideas. Teaching sequence Introduction to text Strategy check Independent reading and related task Return to text developing response Whole-group discussion (teacher leads at first and then give over questioning to pupils).Ask pupils to focus on textual evidence to support their findings. Why has the author chosen to remove a study character from Links environment and bring in another at this point in the story? What will this add or take away? Focus on inference and deduction and where the story may move next. Ask pupils to update their journals, if they are keeping them, list their discoveries and speculations resulting from todays session. Homework Read pages 7886. Review (reading target and next steps) Evaluation Key Stage 3 National Stratagy NATE Crown copyright 2003 Group reading at Key Stage 3

Animal Protection Decision Essay

In Why Do Species Matter? , Lilly-Marlene Russow argues that homo have a moral obligation to protect and to ensure the proceed earth of things of esthetical care for which includes some(prenominal) but not unavoidably whole animals. In this paper, I will argue that the subjectiveness knotted in take out aesthetic harbor makes it an insufficient element for determining moral obligation to the protection and preservation of some animals.Russow begins the argument by separating humanitys obligations toward species from obligations to individual components of a species. This is to allow consistency with the condemnation of speciesism. Russow admits that by protecting individual animals we whitethorn, as a byproduct, protect some endangered species but members of the endangered species should be treated no differently than those of a flourishing one. She states that the concept of having interests, as it relates to determining nurture, cannot be utilize to species but rat her only to individual animals.Russow then uses s everal mental test possibilitys to draw some conclusions about humanitys confusion round what a species really is and what it is about certain species that we argon trying to sustain or, in some cases, we do not c ar to preserve. Next, Russow provides objections to three tralatitious arguments for why species do matter. The first is the argument for stewardship which Russow dismisses due to its assumption that species are valuable. The second is the argument for extrinsic value of species regarding their contribution to big take in of life.Russow objects to three different extrinsic value perspectives by 1) stating that we cannot use a species declination as a sign that populace are doing something wrong because that cannot account for unforeseen events, 2) stating that not every species is infallible for ecological stability, and 3) denying the evolutionary chain argument because extinction and development of species are bot h part of evolution. The third argument objected to by Russow is the argument for inseparable value. Ironically, Russows main objection to this argument is the same objection that debunks her protest argument.What gives intrinsic value? How much intrinsic value does something have? cut into intrinsic value further, Russow objects the biodiversity view claiming if diversity is virtuous than we would be make to create as many new species as possible, however unsatisfying they may be. She also objects to the aesthetic value view of species in that former(a) benefits, such as economic, may override aesthetic value of a species. However, Russow does consider that the aesthetic value view is correct but must be applied more granularly to individual members of species.Russow argues that humans value the esthetics presented by a single member of a species, not the species itself freehanded the example of valuing the beauty of a specific Bengal tiger we might chance but not the speci es Panthera tigris. She also argues that we value the continued existence of individuals akin that which sounds very similar to species. This is odd since the argument for aesthetic value related to species was previously objected by Russow. I argue that aesthetic value is a very subjective concept that is incapable of providing information that would be useful in determining the fate of some animals.Furthermore, aesthetic value is not an appropriate measure for making any relative comparisons to separate individuals aesthetic value or other worldly good things or benefits in beau monde to make logical decisions concerning the individuals in question. Much like the case of inherent value, there is not a reliable method acting for determining what has aesthetic value or not. Russow uses the rarity of encountering a member of a species and the desire to see a member of a species over again as possible qualifiers for assigning aesthetic value. Other factors include beauty, thought -provoking environmental adaptations, and awesomeness.However, not all humans are going to piece of work these factors equally when determining aesthetic value of an animal. For instance, using Russows suit 1 as an example, one person may admire the excerpt techniques of the snail darter enough to protest the building of the dam era another person may not care at all about the snail darters existence because they are unholy and unnecessary. One objection to my argument concerning the subjectivity of aesthetic value may be an appeal to the majority. Opponents may draw a comparison to the case of moral good and evil.A heavy majority of people believe that murder is wrong. Society suss outs murderers are immoral and governs accordingly. Therefore, if many people find something to be beautiful that a minority finds ugly, the case might be made that the minority is incorrect or somehow lacks the proper aesthetic judgment to make a proper determination of the things value. To tackl e this argument, I look no further than my own home. My married woman is ophidiophobic, i. e. she has an irrational fear of snakes. I on the other hand greatly admire the beauty and intrigue of snakes.If there were a vote to be made on whether to annihilate a rare species of snakes in order to develop the land which they reside, I would most likely vote against. Conversely, my married woman would rally supporters and be first in line to vote for eradicating the snakes scarcely for the fact the snakes would be gone. Even if it was known that these snakes ate some good-natured of potentially harmful insect that would not matter to her. A 2001 study from Gallup, Inc. suggests up to 50% of Americans may possess a fear of snakes so I feel she would not be alone in this decision.We cannot determine who is right or wrong in this situation. I cant say my wife is wrong because no snake will ever have a drop of aesthetic value to her. Meanwhile, to argue against a case for preserving a snak e population to aid in eliminating a harmful insect population doesnt seem correct either. This leads cover charge to my original objection which is that there is simply too much subjectivity involved in determining aesthetic value for the idea to be relevant in decision making related to the protection of animals.

The Irony in Trifles

Heather Brown Professor Evermind English 1302 2 manifest 2012 The caustic remark in Trifles The good turn Trifles written by Susan Glaspell is set in the nineteenth century. A trifle is a thing of little valuate or importance, so in the play Trifles the banter of the story is quite humorous. In this time terminus wowork force were not handle as equals, custody believed women did not have as much intellect as themselves, and treated them accordingly. With this in mind the sarcasm of the play revolves around how much let on the women were at playing pool sticks and a actor to the murder committed by Mrs.Wright then the men, and how condescending they are of the women. Trifles takes place at a criminal offence scene investigation where a crowd of men are intrusive for clues to a murder, and both women who came to get things for the woman who was in jail. As the group of guys began searching for clues to help them charge Mrs. Wright for murdering her husband, the reader begins to see the way men view women in this century by their criticism of the cleanliness of the house, and referring to kitchen things as unimportant.The irony in this is that the woman start seeing clues in the kitchen, such as all the half finished tasks and a cabinet with a abject bird cage in it. As the play continues the group notices an uncompleted pacifier in the living room. The women start discussing how Mrs. Wright was going to finish the puff of air knot it or quilt it and the men laugh at the women for worrisome about something so simple, but ironically the women find another clue inside the quilting basket.The most ironic part of the play is that the two women find the major clue, a dead bird strangled the same(p) way Mrs. Wrights bird was, and the men who were unsuccessful at trying to find clues to the murder were unable to find a single clue or motive left the house still puzzled about the murder. Irony is a tool that can be used to entertain a reader with it s great comedic value, and Trifles does this in a unique way that epitomizes the anti-femninistic views of the nineteenth century.This is a type of humor that readers are able to connect with thank to the emergence of feminism. Outline Thesis With this in mind the irony of the play revolves around how much better the women were at finding clues and a motive to the murder committed by Mrs. Wright then the men, and how condescending they are of the women. I. accession A. trifle is a thing of little value or importance, so in the play Trifles the irony of the story is quite humorous. B. his time period women were not treated as equals, men believed women did not have as much intellect as themselves, and treated them accordingly. II. Supporting evidence of the irony A. Women find the clues in the unimportant kitchen things. B. Women found the motive in the quilt basket. C. The men are still confused as to the entire murder. III. expiry A. is a tool that can be used to entertain a read er with its great comedic value, and Trifles does this in a unique way that epitomizes the anti-femninistic views of the nineteenth century.